Step By Step Tips On How Car Engine Works

In this article, we'll discuss the basic idea behind an engine a­nd then go into detail about how all the pieces fit together.

An internal combustion engine is designed to compress and use combustion of a fuel air mixture.
The engine begins by pulling air through the air intake throttle actuator which is controlled via the computer, and foot actuator that is located in the drivers compartment. This air flow is monitored by the mass air flow sensor and cleaned by the air filter.
Once air has passed through the throttle actuator, it enters the intake manifold were it is divided among individual cylinder intake ports.
Air is then routed through the intake manifold were it enters individual intake ports contained within the cylinder head, which is controlled by a valve (intake.)
Fuel enters the intake port or directly into the combustion chamber via a fuel injector which is controlled by the computer.
A camshaft is used to open each valve while it rotates as the engine is operating. A spring returns the valve to the closed position which is called a "valve spring". (Overhead camshaft configuration shown.)
The camshaft is connected to the engine crankshaft via a timing chain. As the crankshaft turns, the chain is pulled while turning the camshaft at a 2 to 1 ratio 2:1. (Crankshaft turns twice to once of the camshaft.) A camshaft actuator is used to control the angle in which the camshaft is positioned compared to the crankshaft. This position is controlled by the computer.
A timing chain tensioner is used to take up slack which helps keep the chain tensioned. This tensioner is activated by engine oil pressure.
The timing chain is driven at the crankshaft using a drive gear near the front seal and harmonic balancer.
Once the fuel air mixture has entered the combustion chamber the piston is thrust upward compressing the mixture for ignition.
After the fuel air mixture is compressed, an ignition coil supplies a high voltage, low amperage charge to the spark plug.
This operation is controlled by the computer which gathers data from the crankshaft position sensor (CKS), camshaft angle sensors (CAS) and other various sensors.
After this flammable charge has been compressed, an electronic charge crosses the spark plug, igniting the mixture which then forces the piston downward.
As the piston is thrusting downward the energy is contained within the crankshaft via the piston rods.
The piston rod is designed to transfer energy to a rotating crankshaft which is created by the piston.
The crankshaft is supported along the engine block and each piston rod attaches to it. Bearings, which are oiled, are then fitted between rotating surfaces.
Once the intake charge has been spent, the exhaust valve opens while the piston is thrust upward, forcing exhaust gases to be removed from the cylinder and into the exhaust manifold.
While the crankshaft is rotating seals are used to control motor oil from leaking from the engine oiling system.
An oil pump is driven from the crankshaft or camshaft and is located in or near the oil pan of the engine. This pump circulates oil under pressure throughout the engine to prevent heat through lubrication among bearing and piston surfaces.
Oil pressure is monitored by an oil pressure sender, oil is also cleaned by and oil filter which should be serviced regularly.
Coolant is used to cool the engine while in operation. A thermostat is used to stop the coolant from flowing to the radiator until the engine is at operating temperature.
A water pump is used to circulate coolant throughout the block, cylinder head and cooling system.\

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