The Functions Of Brake Pads In Vehicles.

Brake pads convert the kinetic energy of the car to thermal energy by friction. Two brake pads are contained in the brake caliper with their friction surfaces facing the rotor. The task of vehicle brakes is to decelerate the vehicle safely and comfortably, bringing it to a standstill if necessary. The brake pads (also known as friction lining)
have a very important role to play here. In disc brake applications, there are usually two brake pads per disc rotor, held in place and actuated by a caliper affixed to a wheel hub or suspension upright.
Although almost all road-going vehicles have only two brake pads per caliper,
racing calipers utilize up to six pads, with varying frictional properties in a staggered pattern for optimum performance. Depending on the properties of the material, disc wear rates may vary. The brake pads must usually be replaced regularly (depending on pad material), and most are equipped with a method of alerting the driver when this needs to take place. Some are manufactured with a small central groove whose eventual disappearance through wear indicates that the pad is nearing the end of its service life.

The five most important characteristics that are considered when selecting a brake pad material are as follows:

The material's ability to resist brake fade at increased temperatures.
The effects of water on brake fade (all brakes are designed to withstand at least temporary exposure to water).
The ability to recover quickly from either increased temperature or moisture.
Service life as traded off vs. wear to the rotor.
The ability of the material to provide smooth, even contact with the rotor or drum (rather than a material that breaks off in chunks or causes pits or dents).

Vehicles have different braking requirements. Friction materials offer application-specific formulas and designs.
Brake pads with a higher coefficient of friction provide good braking with less brake pedal pressure requirement,
but tend to lose efficiency at higher temperatures, increasing stopping distance. Brake pads with a smaller and constant coefficient of friction do not lose efficiency at higher temperatures and are stable, but require higher brake pedal pressure.

Therefore, it is important that brake pads are able to meet the demands of everyday use and always perform as expected – regardless of changes in climatic, topographical or application conditions. As well as having to deliver optimum performance in everyday situations, brake pads also have to be capable of producing the best possible response in extreme situations in particular (during emergency braking, for example). Therefore, the brake pad must provide the driver with an assurance of optimum performance at all times so that the best possible braking results can be achieved.

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