What Is A Gearbox?

Gears are used for transmitting power from one part of a machine to another. In a bicycle, for example, it's gears that take power from the pedals to the back wheel. Similarly, in a car, gears transmit power from the crankshaft (the rotating axle that takes power from the engine) to the drive shaft running under the car that ultimately powers the wheels. You can have any number of gears connected together and they can be in different shapes and sizes. Each time you pass power from one gear wheel to another, you can do one of two things: Increase speed or change direction.

In an automobile, a gear box is the second element of the power train. It is used to change the speed and torque of vehicle according to variety of road condition. By changing the gear ratio between the engine crankshaft and vehicle drive wheels. The gear box allows the vehicle to move backward by reverse shift. It's also used in starting the engine when shifted into neutral. The key difference between a manual and an automatic transmission is that the manual transmission locks and unlocks different sets of gears to the output shaft to achieve the various gear ratios, while in an automatic transmission, the same set of gears produces all of the different gear ratios.

The gearbox is often connected to the engine’s crankshaft. The output of the transmission is then transmitted by driveshaft to one or several differentials, in which turn drive the wheels. The gearbox is converting the speed of the engine to torque in which, will allow pushing the car in a forward motion; this is indispensable for your vehicle. It is impossible for anyone to drive a car without a gearbox. In that case, it is essential that you allot more time and attention in knowing how the gearbox works. The gear box

• Transforms motor high speed, low torque to low speed high torque (nothing for free even at X-mas time).
• Low speed/high torque to high speed/low torque.
• Sometime, the "gear head" runs on a timing belt or chain with the gear ratio 1:1 and is used to reduce the motor vibrations transfer to the load.
• Often overlooked - gear head reduces the inertia of the load as seen by the motor in the ratio of square of the gear ratio. Eg. if you install gear head with ratio of 4:1, 2000 rpm is going to be concerted to 500 rpm but the inertia of the load is going to be reduced 16 times.
• If you use a worm gear it ads self-locking mechanism to the system (you can't move the load until the motor spins).

There are various type of gear heads: spur, planetary, one stage, multiple stages, harmonics, spur-epicyclic, (cycloidal), worm etc and combination of the above but this is a whole, separate science.

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